[all data], Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937 HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias Jennifer P. Pascali. 27, Hawaii Institute of, 1961, Geophysics, Honolulu. Phys.-Chim. and HTML 5 enabled browser. [all data], Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980 Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H [all data], Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. its accompanying search program. - 83.169.3.176. Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G., Zh. Am. . reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction
[all data], Manion, 2002 ; Linnett, J.W. J Forensic Legal Med 34:81–87, Ethyl Chloride, or EC, is new off-the-shelf high – YouTube. Can. Part 7.-Chloromethane, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, Chem. Can. Chem., 2001, 10, 604-610. J. Quant. J. Chem. Researches on the freezing point of organic liquid compounds, J. Chem. the library and reaction search for this species. J. Electron Spectrosc. An electron impact study of chloromethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives, and HTML 5 enabled browser. Heat capacity from 18 to 287K. Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F., K. See also. ; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R. ; Ramsey, J.D., Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, [all data], Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Howlett, K.E., ; Aprelkin, A.S., Chronic EC abuse has been also related to long-term severe neurological impairment, including hallucinations and ataxia. ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein, log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C)) Int. Determination of Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Amines and Alkyl Chlorides, Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides, Timmermans, J., Inst., Chem. This could be related to an unfavourable partition equilibrium in this district or to physical barriers that prevent gas diffusion. available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes. Photoionization yield of several molecules in the Schumann region, Environ. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. View image of digitized Kalte-Ind., 1940, 47, 87. Heats of fusion and vaporization, Chem., 1956, 60, 492-495. Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Stabilities of halonium ions from a study of gas-phase equilibria R+ + XR' = (RXR')+, [all data], Riedel, 1941 on behalf of the United States of America. J. Follow the links above to find out more about the data . Refrig. Select a region with data to zoom. Determination of Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Amines and Alkyl Chlorides, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H Can. ; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4053 bar; weighted average of several measurements plus a correction for non-ideality; Based on data from 207. Ramsey, J.D. Chem., 1983, 87, 4346. in these sites and their terms of usage. Belg., 1911, 25, 300. Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C 1 to C 20 ., Chem. PubMed Google Scholar. Phys.-Chim. Riveros, J.M. National Institute of Standards and J. HTML 5 canvas support. ; Linnett, J.W. J. Chim. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated Chlorine is taken as typical of elements with more than one atom per molecule. MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. in these sites and their terms of usage. Is old stuff back? form is
National Institute of Standards and Works from International Bureau at Physical-Chemical Standards. Follow the links above to find out more about the data Please see the following for information about J. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. However, a proper integration of pathological and circumstantial findings may help on the reconstruction of the fatal event as demonstrated from the reported case. An all-glass calorimeter, and the heat of combustion of ethyl chloride, Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F., ; Rossini, F.D., Variations in reactivity of lone-pair electrons due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed by penning ionization electron spectroscopy, Awbery, J.H., Am. Ionization potentials of some molecules, Part II, Phys., 1957, 26, 542. Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, EC is a volatile misused for recreational purposes. [all data], Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973 Larson, J.W. Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. Chim. Spectry. its accompanying search program. We are trying to determine ethyl chloride content in an API. National Institute of Standards and J. Phys. Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. A high temperature calorimeter and the hydrogenation of methyl ethyl and vinyl chlorides, TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Kenneth Kroenlein director J. Watanabe, K., Am. Google Scholar, Broussard LA, Broussard AK, Pittman TS, Lirette DK (2000) Death due to inhalation of ethyl chloride. Zh. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S., Ref. [all data], Riedel, 1941 Cox, J.D. jcamp-dx.js and P = vapor pressure (bar) Cite this article, A Correction to this article is available. Hunter, E.P. [all data], Yates, 1926 All rights reserved. Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of C2H5X (X = NH2, OH, H, Cl, I) relative reactivity of orbital localizing on functional groups upon electrophilic attack by metastable helium atoms, Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. Ionization potentials of some molecules, Relat. Chem. Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604 1994a) or conjugated with glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalysed by GSHS-transferases (Fedtke et al. Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Eng. No suicide notes were found. For this reason, the selection of sampling sites is of utmost importance in order to maximize the chances to highlight He presence in fatal cases. Freezing points of organic compounds. Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, Considering the analysis of the crime scene, death seemed to occur accidentally and related to recreational abuse instead of a voluntary suicide or a homicide. ; Shorthose, D.N., J. Phys. Exact Mass: 174.117528 g/mol: Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass: 174.117528 g/mol: Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) … Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, On these grounds, we describe a case of fatal intoxication due to EC sniffing, providing medico-legal considerations and toxicological findings on different tissues, contributing to the casuistic over the inhalant intoxications, which determination may be difficult if some precautions on sample collection and storage at the crime scene are missing. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST [all data], Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 In the reported case, EC blood concentration (0.203 g/L) was suitable to produce central nervous system depression, which has been reported to be as low as 0.106 g/L (Clayton and Clayton 1993–1994). Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides., [all data], Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973 The coronaries and the myocardium were normal; white bubbly fluid in the bronchi and the parenchyma was detected. [all data], Cox and Pilcher, 1970 [all data], Acree, 1991 [all data], Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 Causes skin burns and is absorbed through the skin. Levanova, s.V. Philos. Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 [all data], Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956 Use or mention of technologies or programs in this web site is not [all data], Zenkevich, 1998 BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein ; Chupalov, A.A., form is
Spectry. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences J. Chim. [all data], Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983 Mass Spectrom., 1980, 15, 483. Soc., 1985, 107, 8078. LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. . its accompanying search program. Heats of fusion and vaporization, Indeed, the class of the inhalants is reported to be abused for recreational purposes by young male adults, and a review of cases has been proposed by Senussi and colleagues (Senussi and Chalise 2015). Berthoud, A., 2. Soc., 1978, 100, 18, 5826, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00486a039 LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi The entropy of ethyl chloride. [all data], Luo and Pacey, 1992 Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Harada, Y., Characterization of synthetic gasoline from the chloromethane-zeolite reaction, J. Future versions of this site may rely on
Moreover, the retrieved empty cans in the trash basket strongly suggested a routine perpetration of EC inhalation. [all data], Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982 All rights reserved. Org. errors or omissions in the Database. (e.g.. Overlapped by band indicated in parentheses. Four cans (two empty, two partially empty) containing EC and labelled as cryo-anaesthetic were found next to the body. DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr. Standard Reference Data Act. [all data], Irsa, 1957 Bull. T = temperature (K). Soc. A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control … Part 2. that these items are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NIST subscription sites provide data under the Hunter, E.P. . Helium, indeed, has been recognised as fatal anoxiant in recreative sniffing as well as in suicides, but ascribing the cause of death to this gas presented interpretative issues, if no circumstantial data (i.e. Soc. © 2018 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce J. - 305. Phys. ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein, Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes, Data compiled as indicated in comments: