In the case of alcohols, the conversion of 75–100% is achieved at 600 °C with noticeable gasification. The present review highlights a detailed overview on the development of nickel-based bimetallic catalysts in energy and environmental applications. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.020. The ex. During selection, the reaction conditions were fixed as follows: C, the time was 4 h, phenol amount was 2 wt%, water density was 0.1633 g/L, the mass ratio, particles’ catalytic activity was obviously the best among these prepared. The simulated profiles of the mole fractions of the reactants and the major combustion products agree with the experimental data of the n-decane and kerosene flames, showing that this detailed reaction mechanism can well reflect the detailed kinetic characteristics of n-decane premixed combustion. non-precious metal alloy catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene. ... Hydroxyacetone and furfural have previously been selected as model compounds because hydroxyacetone is an abundant molecule found in the aqueous phase of biomass fast pyrolysis liquids [27][28][29][30], and furfural is the dehydration product of carbohydrates and hard to handle compared to the mother C5 sugar, and has thus been used to mimic intermediates from sugar dehydration [31,32]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Picric acid also known as 2,4,6-trinitro phenol. Both catalysts were shown to be amorphous by XRD. lignin-based bioresources into high-value bio-oil in biomass refinery industries. Compared with monometallic catalysts, in the Ni-Co alloy, the Ni metal size is controlled by the Co addition; also, the Ni-silica interaction is strengthened by the strong interaction between Co and silica; moreover, Ni sintering and oxidation are prevented by the electron transfer from Co. On the other hand, compared with the alloy prepared with single ligand (OAm or OAc), the Ni-Co alloy prepared with the combination of OAm and OAc is homogeneously distributed. Synthesis, physisorption and catalytic properties. The HDO of phenol was found to be favored on the bifunctional Rh/C and Ni/AC catalysts which exhibit a large amount of well dispersed metallic species (from HRTEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Ultraviolet-Raman (UV-Raman), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) characterization of catalysts used in the hydrotreatment of single and mixed model compounds demonstrated that this phenomenon did not mainly arise from the irreversible deactivation of catalysts caused by carbon deposition, but the competitive adsorption among hydroxyacetone, furfural, and phenol during the mild hydrotreatment of mixed model compounds. This study focused on four main aspects: characterization, selection of catalysts, reaction dynamics behaviors, and mathematical modelling. Among various catalysts, NiCo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts exhibited better guaiacol conversion up to 96.1% with cyclohexanol as main product in aqueous, due to the proper acidity and interaction between metal particles and support. The conversion of phenol, cyclohexanol (a hydrogenated analog of phenol for comparison with phenol), and ethanol into gas products in supercritical water (SCW) was studied with the goal to compare the reactivity of their aqueous solutions with the structural features obtained by the method of classical molecular dynamics. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. equations of phenol can be developed as below. According to the literature. As shown, In addition, the XRD diffraction results could also, the intensity of the diffraction peaks of bimetallic, suggested that the introduction of Co woul, catalysts. The conversion of phenol, cyclohexanol (a hydrogenated analog of phenol for comparison with phenol), and ethanol into gas products in supercritical water (SCW) was studied with the goal to compare the reactivity of their aqueous solutions with the structural features obtained by the method of classical molecular dynamics. TEM images of (A, B) 15 wt%Ni/γ-Al2O3, (C, D) 15 wt%Ni-3Co/γ-Al2O3, and (E, F) 15 wt%Co/γ-Al2O3. In a typical reaction process, 6.6 mg phenol, 0.66 mL water, 4 mL stainless steel cylinder reactor (Swagelok Company, with 0.2 MPa hydrogen (99.999%) (gauge) three times and filled with 2 MPa H, placed into a sand bath maintained at the desired reaction temperature. C in an oven. Catalytic HDO of phenol over Rh/C reveal that the catalyst activation by reduction is advantageous compared to that by sulfidation. According to the literature [, and the actual reaction process in this study. Moreover, to improve the catalytic, complete dispersity of catalytic active sites is also required and can. catalysts were synthesized by the sequential impregnation method. Applied Catalysis A: General 2017 , … Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. © 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. It is known that bioenergy can be directly generated, from biomass by hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis gasification, etc. (2p1/2), which indicated the presence of both metallic Co and CoO [28]. Insert Equation (7) into Equation (6), and obtain: beginning time of the reaction, respectively. The product yield and selectivity and estimate are defined as follows: catalysts were first prepared and characterized. The study of the chemical kinetics portion revealed that the hydrogenation reaction rates with the Pd-UiO-66 catalyst are over 10 times higher than those with Pd-UiO-66-NH2 under the same conditions. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Maximum phenol conversion is 96% at 750 °C with gasification degree 30%. Thus, according to the filtering results, the, . mechanism and the kinetic parameters, a model has been drawn up in which both mass-transfer and kinetics are modeled simultaneously. Repolymerization is a huge problem in the storage and processing of biomass pyrolysis liquid (PL). The values of the parameters from curve fitting. Maximum phenol conversion is 96% at 750 °C with gasification degree 30%. With NH2 groups, the crystalline structure of UiO-66-NH2 is somewhat damaged and the interaction between Zr and Pd in Pd-UiO-66-NH2 is rather weaker than in Pd-UiO-66. Elevating the temperature to 135 °C with constant pressure, the conversion increased to 62%. The phenol hydrogenation catalyzed by Pd-UiO-66 is more sensitive to the reaction temperature than when catalyzed by the Pd-UiO-66-NH2 catalyst. Co-Cu-based perovskites as catalysts for higher-alcohol synthesis.