In the Christian tradition this would compare to the dates of Adam and Eve. The Jain texts state that Neminatha taught Krishna all the wisdom that he later gave to Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita. Les monnaies indo-grecques. Please write to us. [120], In Krishna-related Hindu traditions, he is most commonly seen with Radha. [111] The day of birth of Krishna is celebrated as Krishna Janmashtami. [100] Regional variations in the iconography of Krishna are seen in his different forms, such as Jaganatha in Odisha, Vithoba in Maharashtra,[101] Shrinathji in Rajasthan[102] and Guruvayoorappan in Kerala. [107] Devaki's brother is a tyrant named Kamsa. By clicking “I agree” below, you consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. [230], Classical dance styles such as Kathak, Odissi, Manipuri, Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam in particular are known for their Krishna-related performances. [214] ISCKON has built many Krishna temples in the West, as well as other locations such as South Africa. He reinstates Kamsa's father, Ugrasena as the king of the Yadavas and becomes a leading prince at the court. [179] Though only a part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata, it has functioned as an independent spiritual guide. [75] The texts of Jainism mention these tales as well, also with many peculiarities and different versions, in their legends about Tirthankaras. [64] This phrase, which means "To Krishna the son of Devaki", has been mentioned by scholars such as Max Müller[65] as a potential source of fables and Vedic lore about Krishna in the Mahabharata and other ancient literature – only potential, because this verse could have been interpolated into the text,[65] or the Krishna Devakiputra, could be different from the deity Krishna. [215] Titled "Hare Krishna Mantra", the song reached the top twenty on the UK music charts and was also successful in West Germany and Czechoslovakia. [108][109][110] Two of Krishna's siblings also survive, namely Balarama and Subhadra, according to these legends. Swaminarayan, the founder of the Swaminarayan Sampraday, also worshipped Krishna as God himself. He is sometimes accompanied by cows or a calf, which symbolise the divine herdsman Govinda. [121][12] Gopis are considered as Lakshmi's or Radha's manifestations. Please enable cookies on your web browser in order to continue. The worship of Krishna is part of Vaishnavism, a major tradition within Hinduism. [186][198] Devotees of Krishna subscribe to the concept of lila, meaning 'divine play', as the central principle of the universe. The honorary title "Sri" (also spelled "Shri") is often used before the name of Krishna. He was present on earth 5,000 years ago. Hastinapura is still existing as an active and living city. [242] The stories of these triads can be found in the Harivamsa Purana (8th century CE) of Jinasena (not be confused with its namesake, the addendum to Mahābhārata) and the Trishashti-shalakapurusha-charita of Hemachandra. 454) polemically mention the devotees of Vâsudeva and Baladeva. [194] Thereafter, there was an amalgamation of various similar traditions. A new legend is included, wherein Krishna laments in uncontrollable sorrow when his son dies, and a Ghatapandita feigns madness to teach Krishna a lesson. [198], In South India, the acharyas of the Sri Sampradaya have written reverentially about Krishna in most of their works, including the Thiruppavai by Andal[208] and Gopala Vimshati by Vedanta Desika. After that trip, Manoharan and Jeyabalan started chanting the Hare Krishna mantra at home. These four inscriptions are notable for being some of the oldest-known Sanskrit inscriptions. To save the world, Vasudeva-Krishna has to forsake the non-violence principle and kill the Prati-Vasudeva. [214][216] The mantra of the Upanishad thus helped bring Bhaktivedanta and ISKCON ideas about Krishna into the West. [249] The Vidhurapandita Jataka mentions Madhura (Sanskrit: Mathura), the Ghata Jataka mentions Kamsa, Devagabbha (Sk: Devaki), Upasagara or Vasudeva, Govaddhana (Sk: Govardhana), Baladeva (Balarama), and Kanha or Kesava (Sk: Krishna, Keshava). The Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions, all located in the state of Rajasthan and dated by modern methodology to the 1st century BCE, mention Saṃkarṣaṇa and Vāsudeva, also mention that the structure was built for their worship in association with the supreme deity Narayana. In the Krishna Charitas, Krishna is born to Devaki and her husband, Vasudeva of the Yadava clan in Mathura. [258], Krishna is mentioned as Krishna Avtar in the Chaubis Avtar, a composition in Dasam Granth traditionally and historically attributed to Guru Gobind Singh. [116] In one version of the Krishna story, as narrated by Shanta Rao, Krishna after Kamsa's death leads the Yadavas to the newly built city of Dwaraka. [76][77], The ancient Sanskrit grammarian Patanjali in his Mahabhashya makes several references to Krishna and his associates found in later Indian texts. In conventional nondual Vedanta all reality is an interconnected and one, the Bhagavata posits that the reality is interconnected and plural. [61] Krishna is central to many of the main stories of the epic. Krishna forgives Jara and dies. [246], Vimalasuri is attributed to be the author of the Jain version of the Harivamsa Purana, but no manuscripts have been found that confirm this. These sub-traditions arose in the context of the medieval era Bhakti movement. It ends on a triumphal note, not with the death of Krishna. In other cultures of the world, where is the proof for individual people existing prior to 5,000 years ago? According to John Koller, "love is presented not simply as a means to salvation, it is the highest life". 1, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. - Informationen zum Thema info-sikh", "आरती कुंजबिहारी की, Aarti Kunj Bihari Ki Hindi Lyrics", Bathing in Krishna: A Study in Vaiṣṇava Hindu Theology, Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna&oldid=987151310, People considered avatars by their followers, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox deity with unknown parameters, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 06:58. [18] They portray him in various perspectives: a god-child, a prankster, a model lover, a divine hero, and as the universal supreme being. [175][176][177] Krishna's lila is a theology of love-play. [154] Neminatha is believed in the Jain tradition to have been born 84,000 years before the 9th-century BCE Parshvanatha, the twenty-third tirthankara. At the end of this Ghata-Jataka discourse, the Buddhist text declares that Sariputta, one of the revered disciples of the Buddha in the Buddhist tradition, was incarnated as Krishna in his previous life to learn lessons on grief from the Buddha in his prior rebirth: Then he [Master] declared the Truths, and identified the Birth: 'At that time, Ananda was Rohineyya, Sariputta was Vasudeva [Krishna], the followers of the Buddha were the other persons, and I myself was Ghatapandita. [6][188][189][190][191] Gitagovinda of Jayadeva considers Krishna to be the supreme lord while the ten incarnations are his forms. The effort revealed the brick foundations of a much larger ancient elliptical temple complex with a sanctum, mandapas, and seven additional pillars. 275–324, Burhani A. N. (2013), Treating minorities with fatwas: a study of the Ahmadiyya community in Indonesia, Contemporary Islam, Volume 8, Issue 3, pp. Alanna Kaivalya (2014), Sacred Sound: Discovering the Myth and Meaning of Mantra and Kirtan, New World. The villain is the Prati-vasudeva, who attempts to destroy the world. Feeling that Krishna deliberately did not put an end to the war, in a fit of rage and sorrow Gandhari said, 'Thou were indifferent to the Kurus and the Pandavas whilst they slew each other, therefore, O Govinda, thou shalt be the slayer of thy own kinsmen !'